Cylinder head for internal-combustion engines



Mm 18, 1930. c. RUEGG 1,150,129

CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed June 13, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet l O a L 1* N mm k: Cit/22012 Tuqyy March is, 1930,

CYLINDER Filed June-13, 1927 C. RUEGG HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 C. RUEGG March 18, 1930.

CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed June 13, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 nw Clemezzf 3% 9m &wa]

abbozneqa Patented Mar. 18, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CLEMENT RUEGG, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO NORDIBERG MANUFAC- TURING COMPANY, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF WISCONSIN CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES Application filed June 13,

This invention pertains to internal combustion engines and relates more particularly to the construction and formation of the cylinder head.

In Diesel engines of to-day where large units are employed the cylinder head is subjected to considerable strain due primarily to the stresses set up therein as the result of high pressures and high temperatures which obtain when the engine is operating.

Multipart heads, some water-cooled, have heretofore been proposed and employed in actual practice and while the head of the present invention is of such type it presents 16 certain unique modifications such as make for greater stability and longer life.

Broadly stated, the main object of the invention is to so construct the inner or cylinder closing portion of the head that it will not become distorted when in use either by the pressure exerted thereon from the gases within the cylinder or from the strains or stresses exerted upon or set up therein by thermal changes in the various parts of the head.

A further object of the invention is to provide special means for securing the head sections together.

With these and other objects and advan- 3 tages in view, all of which will appear herein, reference is had to the annexed drawings wherein:

Figure 1 is a transverse vertical sectional view of the head, and a portion of the cylin: der, taken on the line II of Figure 2;

Figure 2 a horizontal sectional view on the line 11-11 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 a similar view on the line III-III of Figure 1;

Figure 4 a vertical sectional view taken on the line IV-IV of Figure 2 showing more particularly the means employed for holding the scavenging and fuel valves in place; and

Figure 5 a perspective view of the cylinder closing or inner section of the head as viewed from the upper side thereof. 7

In the drawings, 1 denotes the cylinder or cylinder liner surrounded by the usual jacket 2 forming a water space 3 therebetween.

1927. Serial No. 198,566.

The outer or enclosing section of the head s denoted generally by 4 while the lnner cylinder closing section is denoted generally by 5, the former entirely enclosing the latter except for the inner or lowermost face thereof which overlies one end of the cylinder.

Said face is formed with an annular rib 6 thereon which seats on a gasket located in a groove formed in the cylinder end, as is usual.

The main body of the inner head section 5 is cored out forming a water jacket or space denoted generally by 7 and water, entering a plpe 8 extending through the lower portion of the outer member 4, passes through the space 7 to a second pipe 8 as indicated by the arrows in Figure 3. The water takes a tortuous passage flowing around the hubs or sockets 9, 9, 9 and 9 for the scavenging valves and the hub or socket 10 for the fuel valve. Four scavenging valves are present and ribs or partitions 12 and 13 extend from r the hubs of two of the hubs as 9 and 9 to the hub 10 thereby causing the cooling water to take its devious course.

The various hubs and the various lateral projections designated generally by 14 formed integrally therewith and into which the valve securing bolts are threaded, as will be presently set forth, extend upwardly from the upper wall 15 of the water chamber or space 7. I

Owing to the tendency of the head to warp, I provide a horizontally disposed strengthen in wall or web 16 spaced away from the wall 15 and interconnecting the various hubs and allied projections 14. This web or wall 16 materially stiffens the head structure and V has been found to prevent the head from warping or bulging outwardly due to high temperatures which are present. The'web also tends to prevent deformation of the parts due to strains and stresses set up by and through the bolts employed to hold the various valves and parts in place.

The outer head section 4 is of such form as to entirely overlie and enclose the inner section .5, said outer section being formed withan inwardly extending base flange 17 and with aligning hub sections and lugs complemental to those of the inner section 5 for the reception of the various valves and their cages and also the fastening studs or bolts employed for securing the head sections together and the valves in place.

The hub sections for the scavenging valves on the outer member are denoted by W, 9 9 and 9 and the starting valve hub by 11. The upper lugs or projections are denoted by 146*.

As will be seen upon reference to Figures 1 and 4, flange 17 overlies the upper end of jacket 2 and extends partially over the cylinder 1 and stands in alignment with the innermost wall of the inner head element 5. It will also be seen upon reference to said figures that the outer element f is hollow and is provided with a lateral opening 18 for reception of the scavenging air which flows around and about the various hubs or s ck ets and around and over the inner head section 5.

The head elements which are secured together, in a manner shortly to be described are secured in place over the cylinder end by tap bolts or studs 19 in the usual manner.

The hubs in which the scavenging valves are mounted are ported as at 20. Said valves may be of any approved type but in the present case valve seat 21, which is held down by a cylindrical cage 22, Figure l, bears at its lower side upon a shoulder 23 formed in the lower head member.

The cage is drawn or forced downwardly within the hub by studs 24, four for each valve, the studs passing freely through openings formed in outwardly extending collars or flanges 25 at the upper end of the cage, down through the upper lugs 14 and screwed into the underlying lugs 14,. Nuts 26 when turned home act to force the cages downwardly, forcing the valve seat against the shoulder and at the same time drawing the head sections 4 and 5 together. By this arrangement of having the studs 24 take into the inner orlower head member 5 instead of merely taking into the upper member 4: there is little or no tendency for the parts to open up under the enormous pressure which obtains within the cylinder. Where the fa.- tening studs or bolts took into the outer head element, only the very act of tightening the same -to secure the valve cageand seat in place would tend to separate the head elements inasmuch as the seat was forced down against the seating shoulder. The high pressures obtaining in the cylinder would. moreover, tend to stretch the bolts or studs and, as a consequence, the gaskets would fail causing local heating of the head resulting in its final failure. Vall 16 is of value in this relation for besides strengthening the head generally, it ties the various lower lugs l-l -V together, making for rigidity throughout.

The fuel valve which may also be of any approved type is mounted in the central opening. Its cage 27 at its lower end also takes against a shoulder as 28 formed in the inner head member. It passes upwardly through an opening in the head element 4, and through aflanged collar 29 and at the upper end is seated against the under face of a bonnet 30. A pair of studs 31, alike in form, are employed to hold the parts in place. The lower threaded ends are secured in the lugs or projections adjacent the opening through which the cage 27 passes and pass freely through member at, collar 29 and bonnet 30. Nuts 32 and 33 bear respectively upon the collar and bonnet, nuts 32 acting to draw the head elements together while nuts act to force the cage downwardly and against its seat or, in other words, to

,ransfer the pressure from the top of thefuel valve directly to the inner head member 5. This arrangement makes for rigidity and holds the parts against deformation under service conditions.

The startin valve is mounted in the hub 11, 11 and the cage and bonnet thereof is held in place by a pair of studs or bolts 34 and 35 the lower ends whereof take into the threaded openings formed in the member 11 while the parts are forced to position. Plugs 36 are shown as closing various openings in the outer wall of member 5, which may be removed to allow of theremoval of scale etc. from the water space.

From the foregoing it will thus be seen that the head elements 4- and 5 are effectively held or tied together at a large number of points; that the arrangement of the parts is such as to resist deformation thereof under pressure and thermal changes; that the inner head section is fully water cooled and that adequate space is provided within the head for the free flow of the scavenging air to all the valves, which flow also tends, in a meas ure, to cool the head.

lVhat is claimed is:

1. In a cylinder head for engines of the internal combustion type. the combination of an inner cylinder end closing member having a water cooling chamber formed therein; an outer member surrounding and overlying the said inner member in spaced relation thereto; operation'valves; aligned openings formed in said inner and outer members for the reception of said operation valves; valve cages; and means extending freely through the outer member and connected to the inner member for drawing said members together and for forcing the valve cages into close contact with the inner member.

2. In a cylinder head for internal combustion engines, the combination of a multi-part head one member whereof is formed with a water cooling space; operation Valves; hublike elements surrounding openings formed in sald member for the receptlon of sa1d operation valves; means extending freely through the outer member of the head and connected to the inner member for securing the valves in place and likewise holding the head sections together; and a wall connecting the hub-like elements together, said wall lying in spaced relation to the adjacent Wall of the watercooling space.

3. In a cylinder head for internal combustion engines, the combination of an inner cylinder end closing element having a water chamber formed therein; an outer member surrounding and overlying said inner member in spaced relation thereto; hub-like elements extending from each member toward similar elements formed upon the other member; valves mounted in the openings in said hub like elements; a wall connecting the hubs of the inner member, said wall lying in a plane above the adjacent wall of the water chamber; and means connected to the inner member, extending freely through the outer member and acting upon the outer portions of the valve elements to force said elements to place and to likewise draw the inner and outer head elements together.

4. In a cylinder head for internal combustion engines, the combination of an inner cylinder end closing element; an outer element; said elements'having aligned openings; a valve cage mounted in said openings, said cage at its lower end bearing against a shoulder formed in the opening in the inner member; a bonnet; studs having at their inner ends connection with the inner head element, said studs passing freely through and above the outer element and through said bonnet cooperative with the upper end of the cage, said studs likewise having threaded portions below the bonnet; and nuts mounted upon the studs above the honnet and upon the threaded section below the bonnet, whereby upon tightening of the nuts the bonnet and cage will be forced to place, and the head sections drawn together.

5. In a cylinder head for internal combustion engines, the combination of an inner element having a water chamber formed in the lower portion thereof and with a plurality of openings for the reception of operation valves; a series of hub-like elements extending from the upper face of said body around the openings, said hub-like elements havin laterally extending projections or lugs ormed as a part thereof, said projections being threaded for the reception of studs; a wall lying in spaced relation to the upper wall of the water chamber, said wall connecting the various hubs and projections and being cast integral therewith; an outer head element, said element surrounding the inner member and overlying the same in spaced relation thereto; hublike elements extending inwardly of the outer member complemental to the lower hub-like elements; valve elements mounted in the openings in the hub-like elements; studs secured in the threaded projections aforesaid and extending freely through the outer member; and nuts upon the upper ends of the studs for forcing the valve elements to place in the openings.

6. In a cylinder head for internal combustion engines, the combination of an inner water cooled element; an outer element surrounding and overlying the same in spaced relation thereto; valve members mounted in aligned openings formed in said elements; and means acting on the outer portions of said valve members to force the same inwardly into close relation with the inner head element and at the same time to draw the head elements together.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification. 1

CLEMENT RUEGG. 

